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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

If you're a fan of coffee, you likely already know that different kinds of beans have distinct flavor profiles. Find out about four of the most widely used varieties: Arabica. Robusta. Liberica. and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans, a type Liberica is grown exclusively in Southeast Asia. They have a fruitier and more tart flavor profile and are often added to blends of beans to add depth.

Arabica

Arabica is the most sought-after coffee worldwide with 75% of all global coffee beans produced. Arabica beans are softer and sweeter than Robusta. They also come in various flavour profiles. The aroma and taste of a cup of coffee can differ greatly based on the climatic conditions and processing techniques employed to make it.

The word "coffee" originates from the Arabic word that means berry. Coffee beans are actually seeds that develop in bright red berries. It is believed that ancient Ethiopian shepherds discovered that their goats became stimulated after eating these fruit, and the cultivation of coffee soon spread across the world.

Coffee beans can grow at high altitudes and thrive with cool temperatures and lots of rain. This is why Arabica coffee is considered to be the best tasting type of coffee.

Many specialty coffee shops and roasters focus on using ethically-sourced arabica beans and focusing on fair pay for farmers as well as sustainable growing practices. These companies often blend arabica beans to make unique coffees that are well-suited for many brewing methods. Blending can control the aroma, taste and body, as well as the acidity of coffee. It is typically used to create a consistent and balanced flavor that is appealing to a broad audience.

Robusta

Robusta beans (Coffea canephora) are the second most common type of coffee bean grown in the world. They contain more caffeine per bean than Arabica, and are more resistant to pests and disease. They also contain higher levels of chlorogenic acids, which are naturally occurring antioxidants. However, these acids could cause oxidation in the coffee brewing process and could result in unpleasant flavors.

The plant itself is more robust than arabica, able to thrive in less favorable climate conditions and at lower elevations. It is tolerant of warmer temperatures and thrives in direct sunlight. It is faster growing and produces more coffee per plant than arabica, which makes it a cheaper crop to grow.

Although it might appear counterintuitive Robusta beans are typically blended with arabica beans to create coffee blends. If you've seen the names of countries such as Uganda or Kenya listed on a bag of coffee and you can be sure that there's a bit of robusta as well.

While some roasters exclusively use arabica beans, most do combine the two varieties to cut costs and ensure the quality. To ensure the quality of the flavor, it is essential to choose a high-quality bean from a supplier you are confident with. The best way to achieve this is to purchase your beans directly from the farmer.

Liberica

Liberica beans are more or less football-shaped which distinguishes them from other types of coffee beans. They have a smell that is fruity, floral and smoky. They are paired with other types of coffee beans to give them a deeper, more robust taste.

Liberica coffee beans can be found in West Africa, Malaysia (Borneo) and Southeast Asia. They can grow in low altitudes and tolerate humid, hot climates. They also have a much better resistance to disease than Arabica and Robusta.

These qualities make them perfect for home-growing. You can purchase seeds online from many sources, however it is best to purchase them from local producers to ensure the quality of the beans. The best conditions for growing Liberica coffee are fertile deep volcano soils with moderately acidic as well as sufficient annual rainfall.

Excelsa is a different type of coffee bean. It was initially classified as a separate species, but has since been reclassified as a Liberica variant. These coffee beans are elongated ovals that are grown on large 20-30-foot coffee plants at moderate altitudes. They have a distinctive taste that is both fruity and tart and has made them a popular choice for blends in house. They have a more subtle aroma and caffeine content than Arabica or Robusta but they do possess a distinct depth of flavor.

Excelsa

Although they're the fourth most popular kind of coffee beans types beans Excelsa beans aren't quite as easy to find as Arabica or Robusta. They were actually thought to be to be a different species of coffee up until 2006, at which point they were reclassified to be a synonym for Coffea Liberica var. dewevrei. Today, they're grown mainly in Southeast Asia and account for 7 percent of the world's production of coffee. These coffee beans are shaped as a teardrop and possess a dark, mysterious taste. They're typically used in blends to provide extra body and a full, tart, ripened fruit taste.

Arabica beans are by far the most popular and are renowned for their sweeter taste. They grow best at high altitudes and are able to thrive in warm, tropical climates. They also have a hint of acidity. If properly roasted and brewed, they can have notes of chocolate, nuts, or even fruit.

Robusta is the second most popular coffee worldwide, and is responsible for 40% of the coffee consumed in the world. Robusta is rounder and smaller, but contain twice the amount of caffeine as Arabica. They also have more bitterness than the other two varieties, and tend to have earthy and woody overtones.

Now that you've learned the four most commonly used types of organic coffee beans beans and the four most popular types of premium coffee beans beans, it's time to select your ideal coffee. If you want a smooth and delicate taste, go for an arabica bean or a blend of arabica and robusta beans.