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How Does Machine Espresso Work?

Machine espresso uses precision pressure and incredible filter technology to produce the delicious coffee we enjoy. What exactly is it?

Espresso is created by forcing hot water under high pressure through finely ground coffee. The process is similar to making drip coffee, but the major difference is in the pressure.

The Head of the Group

As the name suggests the group head is the place you put your portafilter in when brewing espresso. It is responsible for dispersing the water into the portafilter before controlling the pressure of the resulting extraction. There are many different kinds of group heads, each with their unique advantages and drawbacks. Some are focused on temperature stability, whereas others on pre-infusion features, and others are designed to control the lever. There are also some that have a combination of features, like the E61 one, which is to be the most popular among baristas due to its capacity to offer multiple perks in a single package.

As you can see in the photo above, the group head has a number of notches. You can place your portafilter inside these notches, and then twist the head to lock it. A gasket of rubber is situated inside the notches to help create a seal while you insert your portafilter. The notches on the head permit a precise position of the portafilter which is crucial for a consistent extraction.

Apart from allowing you easily insert your portafilter, the group head is also responsible to maintain an even temperature. This is achieved by cycling hot water around the portafilter, and through the brew-basket, making sure that the temperature is at the right level to extract the coffee. It is important to remember that even a few degree difference can make the difference between a good and a great pro espresso machine.

The Pump

The motorized pumps in rotary compact espresso machine machines provide the nine atmospheric bar pressure that is required to extract espresso. This differs from manual piston machines that use a lever. The pressure builds up by drawing tap water from a reservoir, and pumping it through a heat exchanger before it is shot through the ground coffee in the group head.

Pumps tend to be less expensive than piston-driven models, and they tend to last longer, however both types of machines could degrade with overuse and insufficient cleaning. Pumps are also more complex mechanically, and can add to the cost of even the simple models.

Some espresso machines employ steam pressure instead of a pump to make espresso. The drawback of this is that the same boiler that produces steam also raises the temperature of water to boiling which could lead to excessive extraction. They also have to constantly rebuild their pressure in between cups. This takes energy and time.

Many espresso machines employ a vibration or rotary pump, with a vibration model using a rotating disc to create the pressure, and rotating models that push hot water through the grounds under high speed. Both models can make excellent espresso, however the rotary models are quieter and more durable than vibration pumps.

The Boiler

The boiler is used to heat the water to the right temperature for extraction. The steam that is produced reaches the portafilter, which contains the ground espresso coffee and is then pumped into the cup. The steam creates enough pressure to push the grounds of the coffee through. This produces a layer of crema on top. This is one of the main characteristics of a good espresso.

There are three types of espresso makers. They differ in the type of pump they use and the degree of heat that the best coffee espresso machine is. There are various ways that the brew may be controlled, as well as the size of the cup the machine can produce.

The first espresso machines were steam-type. The earliest espresso machines were steam types. This led to the coffee tasting burnt and bitter. The modern espresso machine was invented by the Milanese makers Luigi Bezzerra & Desiderio Pavoni.

The most popular espresso capsule machine maker is a semi-automatic device that has an electric pump. This is what people envision when they imagine an espresso machine. Semi-automatic machines require you to grind and tamp the beans on your own while the pump controls the flow of water and pressure. This is a fantastic solution that combines human control with mechanized reliability.

The Filter

Espresso machines typically have a filter that separates the grounds of the coffee from hot water. The filter is also a crucial element of the temperature control system because it stops the machine from overheating.

It also improves flavor as a filter allows for a longer bloom time. This lets the beans release their flavor and allows for a better extraction.

It is important to keep in mind that even the finest filter can result in a bad cup of coffee. The quality of the beans as well as the extraction, remain vital.

This is where the magic happens, it's what makes an espresso really taste good. The grouphead (also known as the brewhead) is where you put the portafilter, the thingy used to place the coffee grounds into, while making espresso.

In the steam-driven espresso machine hot water is heated in an airtight tank to create steam. Steam then pushes the hot water through the grounds with high pressure. These kinds of machines tend to be cheaper and easier to maintain than pumps-driven models. However, they are not as efficient in their ability to produce the ideal conditions for brewing because they operate at 1-1.5 bars of pressure, while the perfect shot requires 9-10 bar.

In recent years, compressed air-pump-driven espresso machines have been gaining popularity. They use an air-compressor to force hot water through the ground. They are also more mobile than electric steam-driven espresso machines.